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BÍLSKO-BĚLÁ

Bílsko-Bělá (polsky Bielsko-Biała) je město v jižním Polsku ve slezském vojvodství, ležící na úpatí Slezských a Malých Beskyd. Formálně vzniklo spojením Bílska a Krakovské Bělé 1. ledna 1951. Souměstí rozděluje řeka Bělá, která tvoří zároveň i historickou hranici mezi Slezskem, kam patří Bílsko, a Malopolskem, jehož součástí je Krakovská Bělá.

13. května 2015 – Náměstí v Bílsko-Bělé – Pavel Hypš

První písemná zmínka o Bílsku coby o městě pochází z roku 1312, zatímco Bělá byla založena až kolem roku 1560 a obdržela městská práva roku 1723. Přestože spojení proběhlo teprve v polovině 20. století, obě města tvořila jeden hospodářský, společenský a urbanistický celek už o sto let dříve. O sjednocení se uvažovalo poprvé v roce 1872, i když se tehdy města nacházela ve dvou různých rakouských zemích – Bílsko v Rakouském Slezsku, Bělá v Haliči.

13. května 2015 – Budova městského divadla – Pavel Hypš

Na kopci umístěné Staré Město se zámkem (původně středověká pevnost těšínských Piastovců, potom rezidence šlechtického rodu Sulkovských) a katolickou katedrálou sv. Mikuláše tvoří památkovou rezervaci a je postupně rekonstruováno. Severně od Starého Města se nachází „bílský Sijón“ (založen roku 1781), kde jsou seskupeny budovy evangelické církve (katedrála Spasitele, biskupství, evangelické školy, nakladatelství Augustana aj.). Hodnotnými budovami je i mnoho bývalých továren.

13. května 2015 – Katedrála svatého Mikuláše – Pavel Hypš

Město je oficiálně rozděleno do třiceti místních částí: Aleksandrowice, Bílský Krakov (Biała Krakowska), Bílské centrum (Biała Śródmieście), Bílský sever (Biała Północ), Bílský východ (Biała Wschód), Bílský jih (Bielsko Południe), Spodní předměstí (Dolne Przedmieście), Horní předměstí (Górne Przedmieście), Hałcnów, Činžovní čtvrť (Kamienica), Krakovské Komorowice (Komorowice Krakowskie), Slezské Komorowice (Komorowice Śląskie), Lísky (Leszczyny), Lipnik, Krakovské Mikuszowice (Mikuszowice Krakowskie), Slezské Mikuszowice (Mikuszowice Śląskie), Beskydské sídliště (Osiedle Beskidzkie), Grunwaldzké sídliště (Osiedle Grunwaldzkie), Karpatské sídliště (Osiedle Karpackie), Koperníkovo sídliště (Osiedle Kopernika), Žijící sídliště (Osiedle Mieszka I), Piastowské sídliště (Osiedle Piastowskie), Sídliště Polských křídel (Osiedle Polskich Skrzydeł), Slunečné sídliště (Osiedle Słoneczne), Sídliště polského vojska (Osiedle Wojska Polskiego), Staré Bílsko (Stare Bielsko), Straconka, Centrální Bílsko (Śródmieście Bielsko), Wapienica a Zlaté Lány (Złote Łany).

13. května 2015 – Hradby v centru města – Pavel Hypš

Jako součást severní dráhy císaře Ferdinanda byl 17. prosince 1855 zprovozněn železniční úsek Čechovice-Dědice (Czechowice-Dziedzice) – Bílsko Bělá. Následovalo 18. srpna 1878 prodloužení z Bílska-Bělé do Živce (Żywiec). Dnes jsou tyto úseky součástí tratě číslo 139 Katovice (Katowice) – Zwardoń. Později byly z Bílska-Bělé vytvořeny ještě odbočky do Kalvárie Zebrzydovské (Kalwaria Zebrzydowska) a do Českého Těšína (provoz zastaven 2009).

13. května 2015 – Bílsko-bělské nádraží – Pavel Hypš

Dne 11. prosince 1895 byl v souměstí zahájen tramvajový provoz na trati od hlavního vlakového nádraží (Dworec Główny) kolem hradu do rekreační oblasti Cikánského lesa (Cygańsky Las). Trať měla celkem 14 zastávek. Od roku 1920 byla v provozu ještě nákladní vlečka. Od 2. května 1926 proběhlo přeložení tratě v centru na Pastornak (dnes Prvního máje).

13. května 2015 – Dnešní pohled na místo tramvajové konečné v Cikánském lese – Pavel Hypš

Od 18. listopadu 1927 je v souměstí provozována městská autobusová doprava. Zahájení proběhlo na čtyřech linkách: Bílsko, plac Chrobrego – plac Chrobrego, Slezské Mikuszowice – Sanatorium Bystrá, Bílsko, nádraží – Bělá – Lipník a okruh po centru Bílska. Síť se nadále rozšiřovala a v roce 1931 bylo v provozu již 13 autobusových linek.

Dobová pohlednice s tramvají u městského divadla – sbírka Pavel Hypš

Druhá světová válka tramvajový provoz nijak závažně neomezila, autobusový byl však zcela zrušen a jen velmi pomalu po válce obnovován. Dne 22. července 1951 zahájila provoz tramvajová linka číslo 2, vedená po trase z hlavního nádraží na Hulanky, s šesti nácestnými zastávky a ukončená smyčkou, první v aglomeraci.

Tramvajový vůz projíždějící kolem hotelu Prezydent – sbírka Pavel Hypš

Dvacet let po téměř úplné likvidaci autobusové dopravy, byl 15. června 1959 obnoven autobusový okruh po města. Protisměrné linky dostaly označení A a B. Vozový park byl neustále rozšiřován a koncem 60. let už bylo v provozu opět 8 linek.

Společný provoz autobusů a tramvají v Bílsku-Bělé – sbírka Pavel Hypš

Kvůli silně vzrůstající individuální dopravě však bylo přistoupeno ke zrušení tramvajové dopravy. Linka číslo 2 byla zrušena 25. listopadu 1970, „jednička“ ji následovala 1. května 1971. Obě dohromady byly nahrazeny autobusovou linkou K, zajišťovanou tehdy výhradně kloubovými autobusy Ikarus.

13. května 2015 – Původní bílská tramvaj, zachovaná jako kavárna – Pavel Hypš

Ještě roku 1971 byly autobusové linky přeznačeny z písmen na číslice. Linka číslo 2 (dříve B) k nemocnici Stalownik měla jako jediná nepřetržitý provoz. Od 1. července 1975 došlo k transformaci Dopravního podniku v Regionální dopravní společnost Bílsko-Bělá (Wojewódzkie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne w Bielsku-Białej) a došlo k výraznému nárustu spojů do okolních obcí, včetně Čechovic-Dědic, patřících do provincie Katovic. Z roku 1985 je doloženo 31 městských a 8 regionálních linek.

13. května 2015 – Ikarus 280 na lince číslo 24 do Mikulášovic – Pavel Hypš

Po restruktualizaci veřejné dopravy v Polsku roku 1991 byl opět vytvořen Dopravní podnik Bílsko-Bělá (MZK). Samostatný podnik vznikl i souměstí Čechovice-Dědic, odkud do Bílska-Bělé zajíždí linka číslo 7. Mezi lety 2002 až 2009 byla v provozu bezplatná linka k hypermarketu ve Varšavské ulici, zajišťována autobusy Karosa soukromého dopravce Sanbus.

13. května 2015 – Linka číslo VII z Čechovic – Pavel Hypš

Příměstské linky jsou dnes odděleny do samostatné číselné řady 50 až 57, stejně jako noční linky N1 až N2, dříve i N3. Městských autobusových linek je v provozu 38. Školní linka do Hałcnówa je označena písmenem D. Linka číslo 101 až 103 jsou v provozu při konání akcí na městském stadionu. Na území města zasahují tři linky čechovického PKM, označené 5, VII a X (římské číslice kvůli zabránění duplicity s bílskými linkami). Dopravce Woj-Tur zajišťuje bezplatnou linku k obchodnímu centru Auchan.

9. října 2014 – Mercedes-Benz Citaro jako linka číslo 31 na konečné Hałcnów – Pavel Hypš

Zdroje: web wikipedia.cz (Bílsko-Bělá, Czechowice-Dziedzice, Żywiec, Železniční trať Katowice–Zwardoń), wikipedia.pl (Komunikacja miejska w Bielsku-Białej , Tramwaje w Bielsku-Białej)

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